SUBJECT
From Birth to Pass Away, the Molecular Biology of Pattern Formation I
lecture
master
2
Semesters 1-4
Autumn/Spring semester
Titles and sub-titles on the weeks in the first semester
1 Introduction and program:
Terminology and definitions
Interpretation of life cycle at the levels of cell, metazoan and sepcies
The program of the first semester
2-3 The birth of a cell - the control of cell cycle
The stages in cell cycle - the clock model, phases, and control and check points
The network of control - circles of control and controllers
The control of cell cycle
- levels and networks
- mechanisms (titration, recompartmentalization, kinetic proofreading)
- cycle variants and molecular oscillators
- regulatory kinetic delaying
- the structure and function of the CycA-CDK2-p27 complex
A proteomic outlook
4-5 The death of a cell - the control of apoptosis (programmed cell death)
Death as prerequisite for life
Pro and anti -apoptotic factors
Judges and executors
The control of apoptosis
Apoptosis dayly
- the death of a T-cell
- burial ceremony
6 The price of immortality - upseted balaces
The loss of limits on eneternity - the effects of perturbation in the control of cell cycle
The regained eternity - the effects of perturbation in the controll of apoptosis
The molecular interpretation of tumor occurence incidence and other neoplastic degenerations
7-8 How long is life ? - molecular senescence
Life strategies - the price of reproduction
Cellular and molecular ageing
The effects of active life - the role of reactive oxygen sepcies
- the lesson of matuselah
- the toxic calories
Lethal side effects - the price of integrity
- the role of regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis
- telomer, the measured time
The life business
9-14 What hatches from an egg - from the generation to scaling of body axes
Introduction and terminology
- pattern, information and early development
- the startegies of molecular pattern formation
The process and control of eraly pattern formation in Drosophila
- the timing of information
- quantiative and qualitative information
- a formation and desecendence descendence of patterns
- the proteomics of Wnt and Hh signal transduction
Possible mecahnisms of patterning
- magic, e.g. sequential subdivision
- domino, pattern as the frozen time
Molecular mechanisms and models
- the origin of patterns and (of the formation - ez nem kell) of sharp pattern boundaries
- the activity of gene networks in the generation of gap pattern
- an analog reading and integration of gap-information in the generation of Eve
pattern
- diffusion control and signal amplifiaction in the generation of sharp dorsal Dpp
line
- the signalling network to generate the sharp Hh/Wg boundary
The origin of asymmetry and the source of patterns in Drosophila
- egg formation
- "shaping" of the egg
The left-right (L/R) asymmetry in vertebrates
- what is known of the early embryogenesis in vertebrates
- the origin of L/R asymmetry of internal organs
- rythm and pattern in somitogenesis - the wave-front and clock mechanism
- L/R antipatterning in somitogenesis
Titles and sub-titles on the weeks in the second semester
1 Introduction
Overwiev of topics in the first semester.
The program of the second semester
1-4 The beauty of flowers - pattern formation in plants
The origin of asymmetry - patterning in the early embryogenesis
Latter pattern formation events I. - patterning in vegetative apices
- the formation of tissue zonation and nesting in the root tip
- the formation of shoot architecture
Latter pattern formation events II. - floral patterning
- the genetics of whorl determination
- the control of floral patterning: the determination of meristem type, floral
organs, shape and coloration
The patterning of time - molecular clock mechanisms
- the structure of biological clock mechanisms
- plant clock mechanisms in the determination of flowering time
6-8 Arms, legs, wings - the control of appendage development in vertebrates
The early and late patterning - the "Hox" divide
The structural and functional properties of Hox genes
The definition of the position and type of limb primordium and the formation of the x/y
axes
- the x/y polarization in the limb primordia
- segmentation along the proximo-distal (z) axis - expression fields, morphogen
gradients, and the ZPA and AER organizators
- the Hox-scaling of z-segments
Scaling of a segment - determination of the numbers and types of fingers
- the Shh-Gli3 system
- the role of Hox genes
9-10 Fine tuning and maintenance - finishing works in body pattern formation
Dimensioning - the determination of size
- controlling the balance of cell cycle and apoptosis
- dimension and shape variants in leaves, flowers and wings
Design "without patterning"
Repair mechanisms - the maintenance of patterns
- the role of stem cells
- regulators of pattern formation and the maintenance of stem cell state
11-14 Why dragons do not exist? - perturbations in molecular patterning
Organismic level perturbaions in the function of pattern controlling molecules
Species level perturbations in the control of patterning
- gnoms or the evolution of ontogenesis - EVO-DEVO
- genetic interpretation of (ECO)-EVO-DEVO
The descendance of Hox-genes and the evolution of design
The mecahnisms of speciation - the significance of the quantity and quality of Hox
proteins
- the descendance maize fro teozinte
- the appendage evolution in vertebrates
- insect evolution with changes of Ubx
- the "Hox model" of shape evolution in modular segments
The dynamics of speciation - the role of stress factor
- variant generation with Hsp90 inactivation
- the interpretation of gradual and puncuated evolution
"Applied" EVO-DEVO - hopeful monsters
A "brave new world" - concluding remarks
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Carroll, Grenier, Weatherbee: From DNA to diversity, molecular genetics and the evolution of animal design, second edition, (Blackwell Publishing, 2005),
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Lecture notes and slides