SUBJECT

Clay minerals and their transformation processes

lecture

master

Faculty of Science

Geology MSc

2

Semester 3

Autumn semester

The course will review the layered modular system of relationships and the crystal chemistry of clay minerals in this key area. In connection with possible substitutions introducing the concept of layers of charge and the effect of each characteristic properties of clay minerals. We introduce the preparation of the clay fractions for analytical methods. Introducing the polycrystal (powder) XRD-based identification system, the possibilities of the ion exchange capacity and determination of the charge layer. The electron optical methods (SEM, TEM, SAED, HRTEM, ATEM) to highlight the use of clay minerals unit cell level through for introducing the system of relations. Finally, we compare the image of the nano-scale on the basis of recognizable structural states, transitions and in situ analysis of local knowledge kemizmus won the XRD studies. We point out the opportunities, limitations and uncertainties in the interpretation of analytical results.

Velde, B. (1995): Origin and mineralogy of clays. Springer, Heidelberg.