City of History

Historical Sites in Budapest

Budapest, the capital of Hungary, is a city with a rich and diverse history that spans over two millennia. Founded by the Celts and later transformed into a key Roman settlement, it has seen significant development through the Medieval, Ottoman, and Habsburg eras. The city's architecture and cultural landmarks reflect its complex past, making it a fascinating place for history enthusiasts. As you explore Budapest, you'll encounter remnants from each historical period, seamlessly integrated into the modern urban landscape. Let's dive into the series of interesting sites that you can visit while studying at Eötvös Loránd University.

Roman-era

Budapest's history as a Roman settlement is most evident in the ancient city of Aquincum, which served as the capital of the Roman province of Pannonia Inferior. The city's strategic location along the Danube made it a significant military and economic center.

Aquincum: This archaeological site includes a well-preserved Roman city with ruins of a military base, public baths, and an amphitheater. Location: District III, Aquincum Museum, Szentendrei út 135.
Thermae Maiores: These grand public baths were a central feature of Roman social life. The remains highlight the sophisticated engineering of Roman thermal baths. Location: Aquincum Museum, Szentendrei út 135.
Hercules Villa: A luxurious Roman residence adorned with intricate mosaics, showcasing the opulence of the era. Location: District III, Meggyfa utca 21.
Military Amphitheatre: This amphitheater could seat up to 15,000 spectators and was used for gladiatorial games and other public spectacles. Location: District III, Nagyszombat utca 5.
Contra Aquincum: A fortification built to defend the Roman city from invasions, strategically located on the Pest side of the Danube. Location: Március 15. tér, District V.
Római Baths: Another set of ancient baths that highlight the importance of thermal springs in Roman culture. Location: District III, Római part.

Ottoman-era

The Ottoman conquest left a lasting impact on Budapest, introducing new architectural styles and public baths that are still in use today.

Turkish Baths:
- Veli Bej: One of the oldest Turkish baths in Budapest, known for its beautiful domed structure. Location: District II, Frankel Leó út 25-29.
- Rudas: Famous for its rooftop pool with panoramic views of Budapest. Location: District I, Döbrentei tér 9.
- Király: Maintains much of its original 16th-century structure. Location: District II, Fő utca 84. (currently closed for renovation)
- Rác: Recently renovated, combining historical elements with modern amenities. Location: District I, Hadnagy utca 8-10.
Tomb of Gül Baba: A pilgrimage site and an example of Ottoman architecture, dedicated to the poet and warrior Gül Baba. Location: District II, Mecset utca 14.
Rondellas of the Castle: Part of the medieval fortifications that were reinforced during the Ottoman period. Location: Buda Castle, District I.
Tojgun Mosque: Though largely destroyed, remnants of this mosque can still be seen, reflecting the city's diverse religious history. Location: District I, Buda Castle.
Mihrab Niche in the Inner-City Parish Church: A unique blend of Christian and Islamic art. Location: District V, Március 15. tér.

Habsburg-era

The Habsburg era brought significant urban development and architectural flourishes that shaped much of Budapest's current cityscape.

Names of Boulevards and Districts:
- ’Lipótváros’, ’Terézváros’, Teréz körút, ’Erzsébetváros’, Erzsébet körút, ’Józsefváros’, József körút, ’Ferencváros’, Ferenc körút, ’Krisztinaváros’, Krisztina körút: These districts and boulevards were named to honor Habsburg rulers and nobles.
Vérmező: Once a site of executions in 1759, it is now a peaceful park. Location: District XII, near the South Train Station.
Citadella: Built in 1854 as a symbol of Habsburg oppression, it offers stunning views over Budapest. Location: Gellért Hill, District XI.
Harminckettesek tere: Named in honor of the 32nd Infantry Regiment of Queen Maria Theresa. Location: District VIII.

20th Century

Budapest's 20th-century history is marked by two World Wars, Soviet occupation, and the 1956 Revolution, all leaving their mark on the city.

Fiumei Road Cemetery: This historic cemetery contains graves of notable Hungarian figures and memorials from the 19th century. Location: District VIII, Fiumei út 16-18.
Kiscelli Museum: Showcases memorials and photographs from World War I. Location: District III, Kiscelli utca 108.
House of Terror Museum: A powerful reminder of the atrocities during World War II and the Soviet occupation. Location: District VI, Andrássy út 60.
1956 Revolution Memorials:
- Memorial in City Park: Honors the heroes of the 1956 Revolution. Location: District XIV, City Park.
- University of Technology and Economics: The main building was a significant site during the 1956 protests. Location: District XI, Műegyetem rakpart 3.
- Corvin köz: A key battleground during the revolution. Location: District VIII.
- Memorial at Kossuth Square: Commemorates the ones killed during the initially peacful protest ont he square. Location: District V, Kossuth Lajos tér.
Memento Park: An open-air museum displaying statues from the Communist era. Location: District XXII, Balatoni út.